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The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA) () is the Premiere Merchant Marine academy in the Philippines. Operated by the Filipino government under the supervision of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), the academy is located in San Narciso, in the province of Zambales. Students are called midshipmen but are often also referred to as cadets. Upon graduation students are commissioned as Ensigns (2nd Lieutenants) in the Philippine Navy Reserve. They have the option to start a career in the maritime industry or sign up for active military duty either in the Philippine Navy or the Philippine Coast Guard. ==History== The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy stands as one of the oldest and most illustrious institutions in the Philippines today. Originally known as Escuela Nautica de Manila, the PMMA was created by virtue of a Royal Decree issued on January 1, 1820 through the recommendation of the Spanish Consulate of Commerce. Founded as a school for merchant marine officers, it was inaugurated on April 5 of the same year in its first location inside the Walled City of Intramuros, Manila. The school was temporarily closed during the Philippine Revolution in 1896 but was reopened by the American authorities on December 15, 1899, recognizing its value as a nautical school. It was called Nautical School of the Philippine Islands. Later it was again renamed to Philippine Nautical School (PNS), under the supervision of US Navy commanders. All facilities, equipment, and other instructional materials were provided by the government in an effort to raise the standard of the institution. But was closed in 1907 due to lack of support. In 1913, it was reopened, upon the recommendation of the President of the Shipowner's Association, to answer the urgent need for trained merchant marine officers. It was established as a unit of the Philippine School of Arts and Trades. With war clouds hovering the Pacific, the PNS was transferred from the Department of Education to the Department of National Defense. But the outbreak of World War II did not see the closure of the school rather, it was expanded into a bigger establishment that included not only training of nautical officers but also of marine engineers and ordinary seamen. In 1963, Republic Act 3680 converted the PNS into the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA), conferring the degree of Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation (BSMT) major in Navigation and Seamanship or in Steam Engineering and Electricity. In 1997, the PMMA was placed directly under the supervision of the Commission on Higher Education after being under the Department of Transportation and Communication and complies with the 1995 International Convention on Seafarer's Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW '95) and the Policies, Standards and Guidelines for Maritime Education of the Commission on Higher Education. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philippine Merchant Marine Academy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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